ENCRYPTION KEY PROVISION¶

The VUDRM key provision service exposes the generation of DRM encryption. It provides a secure REST API allowing you to retrieve encryption keys for all DRM types in order to encrypt your content.

Key provider API¶

The key provider API will provide all the information required in order to encrypt various types of content. In order to be as flexible as possible it will return encryption keys in Base16 and Base64 as some systems require different values.

The following sections describe the requests and responses in order to retrieve the keys. The most common scenario is to request CENC and Fairplay encryption keys.

Request¶

A GET should be made to the following URL:

https://keyprovider.vudrm.tech/<DRM_TYPE>/<CLIENT_NAME>/<CONTENT_ID>

The breakdown of this URL is:

DRM_TYPE: The type of encryption keys being requested. Possible values are cenc, fairplay, widevine, playready, and aes. See Using the encryption keys for more information.
CLIENT_NAME: The account name. Plese contact support@vualto.com if you do not have an account name.
CONTENT_ID: A unique content identifier. This value will always generate the same encryption keys.

In order to provide the keys securely, an API key is required in the header of the request. Please contact support@vualto.com if you do not have an API key.

Below is an example curl request for cenc encryption keys using the client vualto and with the CONTENT_ID of test.

curl -X "GET" "https://keyprovider.vudrm.tech/cenc/vualto/test" -H "API_KEY: <API_KEY>" 

Response¶

In order to provide the keys securely, the DRM encryption keys are encrypted in the response.

The format of the response will be:

{
    "key":"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|166c43d4023880a99691fd9679e6ad785305f205"
} 

The value of key has two components separated by a pipe (ASCII code 124):

Encrypted blob containing the DRM encryption keys.
Hash used in a checksum.

Decrypting the response¶

This section contains examples of how to decrypt the response from the key provider API.

You will need the CLIENT_NAME, SHARED_SECRET and the KEY_PROVIDER_RESPONSE value from the request to the Keyprovider API.

C#¶

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

namespace Vudrm.EncryptionExamples
{
    class Program
    {
        private const string Client = "CLIENT_NAME";
        private const string SharedSecret = "SHARED_SECRET";
        private const string KeyProviderResponse = "KEY_PROVIDER_RESPONSE";
        
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Decrypting keyprovider API response...");
            var splitKeyProviderResponse = KeyProviderResponse.Split('|');
            var computedHash = ComputeHash(SharedSecret, Client, splitKeyProviderResponse[0]);
            if (computedHash == splitKeyProviderResponse[1])
            {
                Console.WriteLine("key providers response hash passed validation");
                var decryptedKeyProviderResponse = Decrypt(splitKeyProviderResponse[0], SharedSecret);
                Console.WriteLine("Decrypted key provider response: " + decryptedKeyProviderResponse);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Key provider response hash did not validate");
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        private string Decrypt(string policy, string sharedSecret)
        {
            try
            {
                var encrypted = Convert.FromBase64String(policy);
                var key = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sharedSecret.Substring(0, 16));
                var rj = new RijndaelManaged
                {
                    Mode = CipherMode.ECB,
                    BlockSize = 128,
                    Key = key
                };
                var decryptor = rj.CreateDecryptor(key, null);
                var ms = new MemoryStream(encrypted);
                var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read);
                var plain = new byte[encrypted.Length];
                var decryptcount = cs.Read(plain, 0, plain.Length);
                ms.Close();
                cs.Close();
                return (Encoding.UTF8.GetString(plain, 0, decryptcount));
            }
            catch
            {
                return policy;
            }
        }

        private string ComputeHash(string sharedSecret, string client, string encryptedMessage)
        {
            var preComputed = sharedSecret + client + encryptedMessage;
            var algorithm = new SHA1Managed();
            var bytesOf = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(preComputed);
            var hashOf = algorithm.ComputeHash(bytesOf);
            var result = new StringBuilder();
            foreach (var b in hashOf)
            {
                result.Append(b.ToString("x2").ToLower());
            }
            return result.ToString();
        }
    }
}

Ruby¶

require 'base64'
require 'crypt/rijndael'
require 'digest'
require 'openssl'

client = "CLIENT_NAME"
shared_secret = "SHARED_SECRET"

encrypted_keys = "KEY_PROVIDER_RESPONSE"

message, message_hash = encrypted_keys.split('|')

pre_computed = client + message
computed_hash = Digest::SHA1.new.hexdigest(shared_secret + pre_computed)

if computed_hash == message_hash
  decoded_message = Base64.strict_decode64(message)
  decipher = OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher.new('AES-128-ECB').decrypt
  decipher.key = shared_secret[0..15]
  unencrypted_keys = decipher.update(decoded_message) + decipher.final
else
  raise "Key provider response hash did not validate"
end

GO¶

package main

import (
	"crypto/aes"
	"crypto/sha1"
	"encoding/base64"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
)

var (
	Client = "CLIENT"
	SharedSecret = "SHARED_SECRET"
	KeyProviderResponse = "KEY_PROVIDER_RESPONSE"
	PKCS5 = &pkcs5{}
)

type pkcs5 struct{}

func main() {
	s := strings.Split(KeyProviderResponse, "|")
	encryptedMessage, hash := s[0], s[1]
	generatedHash := generateKeyProviderHash(SharedSecret, Client, encryptedMessage)
	if generatedHash == hash {
		decryptedKeys := decrypt(encryptedMessage, SharedSecret)
		fmt.Printf(decryptedKeys)
	} else {
		fmt.Printf("hash failed validation")
	}
}

func generateKeyProviderHash(sharedSecret string, client string, encryptedMessage string) string {
	v := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s", sharedSecret, client, encryptedMessage)
	hasher := sha1.New()
	hasher.Write([]byte(v))
	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", hasher.Sum(nil))
}

func decrypt(encryptedData string, sharedSecret string) string {
	source, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encryptedData)
	key := []byte(sharedSecret)[0:16]

	cipher, _ := aes.NewCipher([]byte(key))
	buffer := make([]byte, len(source))
	size := 16

	for bs, be := 0, size; bs < len(source); bs, be = bs+size, be+size {
		cipher.Decrypt(buffer[bs:be], source[bs:be])
	}

	plainBytes, _ := PKCS5.unPadding(buffer, 16)
	return string(plainBytes)
}

func (p *pkcs5) unPadding(src []byte, blockSize int) ([]byte, error) {
	srcLen := len(src)
	paddingLen := int(src[srcLen-1])
	if paddingLen >= srcLen || paddingLen > blockSize {
		return nil, errors.New("padding size error")
	}
	return src[:srcLen-paddingLen], nil
}

Python¶

import base64
import binascii
import json
import hashlib

from Crypto.Cipher import AES

client = "CLIENT"
shared_secret = "SHARED_SECRET"
key_provider_response = "KEY_PROVIDER_RESPONSE"

print("Decrypting Key Provider Response...")
split_key_provider_response = key_provider_response.split("|")
pre_computed = (shared_secret + client + split_key_provider_response[0]).encode("utf-8")
computed_hash = hashlib.sha1(pre_computed).hexdigest()
if computed_hash == split_key_provider_response[1]:
    key = shared_secret[0:16]
    decoded_text = base64.b64decode(split_key_provider_response[0])
    aes = AES.new(key.encode("utf8"), AES.MODE_ECB)
    padded_text = aes.decrypt(decoded_text)
    unpadded_text = padded_text[:-padded_text[-1]]
    decrypted_keys = json.loads(unpadded_text)
    print("Decrypted keys: " + json.dumps(decrypted_keys))
else:
    print("Hash validation failed for key provider response!")

Using the encryption keys¶

The next section explains the various encryption keys provided by the Key Provider API. Each set has a different use case. For use with USP products CENC and Fairplay encryption keys are recommended. See the Unified Streaming Integration section for more details on how to use mp4split with the Key Provider.

CENC¶

CENC is the Common Encryption Scheme and it standardises encryption keys between different DRM systems. This allows a single set of encryption keys to be use to encrypt a single file using different DRM systems. VUDRM supports Widevine and PlayReady when generating CENC encryption keys.

Make the following request to the Key Provider API in order to retrieve cenc Keys.

curl -X GET https://keyprovider.vudrm.tech/cenc/<CLIENT>/<CONTENT_ID> -H 'API_KEY: <API_KEY>'

The keys returned in this response can be used for PlayReady and Widevine scenarios. They allow a single piece of content to be used across multiple devices and browsers.

An example decrypted response would be:

{
    "key_id_big": "qMTumUz5drgbusWY+fi5LA==",
    "key_id_hex": "A8C4EE994CF976B81BBAC598F9F8B92C",
    "content_key": "ETweRxyDIuDqAadsWdx0HQ==",
    "content_key_hex": "113C1E471C8322E0EA01A76C59DC741D",
    "playready_key_iv": "dd80b66b2fe44be4",
    "playready_laurl": "https://playready-license.vudrm.tech/rightsmanager.asmx",
    "playready_checksum": "j+7cluk2J58=",
    "widevine_drm_specific_data": "Ig1zb21lY29udGVudGlkSOPclZsG",
    "widevine_laurl": "https://widevine-license.vudrm.tech/proxy"
}

The values are:

key_id_big: Unique ID for the encryption. Base64 in Big Endian.
key_id_hex: Unique ID for the encryption. Base16 in Little Endian. This one should be used with mp4split.
content_key: 128bit encryption key in base64 in Big Endian.
content_key_hex: 128bit encryption key in base16 in Little Endian. This one should be used with mp4split.
playready_key_iv: Additional random value to strengthen the PlayReady encryption.
playready_laurl: The PlayReady license server URL.
playready_checksum: A PlayReady specific security value required by some older PlayReady solutions and Wowza.
widevine_drm_specific_data: The Widevine PSSH box.
widevine_laurl: The Widevine license server URL.

Fairplay¶

Fairplay is Apple’s DRM system and is commonly used in conjunction with CENC encryption to provide support to the widest amount of devices possible.

Make the following request to retrieve fairplay keys from the Key Provider API:

curl -X GET https://keyprovider.vudrm.tech/fairplay/<CLIENT>/<CONTENT_ID> -H 'API_KEY: <API_KEY>'

An example decrypted response would be:

{
    "key_hex": "457A8E3300DE6D549A95037F1C7ADEB1",
    "iv_hex": "EB86EAFBD487391383E8FFF957561B0C",
    "laurl": "skd://fairplay-license.vudrm.tech/license/somecontentid"
}

The values are:

key_hex: Unique ID for the encryption.
iv_hex: The encryption key.
laurl: The Fairplay license server URL. At the point of the request to the license server the skd protocol should be replaced with https.

HLS AES encryption¶

HLS AES-128 is the Advanced Encryption Standard using a 128 bit key, Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) and PKCS7 padding.

Make the following request to retrieve HLS AES encryption keys from the Key Provider API:

curl -X GET https://keyprovider.vudrm.tech/aes/<CLIENT>/<CONTENT_ID> -H 'API_KEY: <API_KEY>'

An example decrypted response would be:

{
    "key_hex":"dd682004123622a99c2a2afcdad6217c",
    "key_url":"http://keyprovider.vudrm.tech:9293/aes/getkey/vualto/somecontentid"
}

The values are:

key_hex: Base16 AES Content key
key_url: URL to the AES Key Server

PlayReady¶

PlayReady is Microsoft’s DRM system. Only use these keys directly to target PlayReady enabled devices. The use of CENC keys is preferred.

Make the following request to retrieve playready keys from the Key Provider API:

curl -X GET https://keyprovider.vudrm.tech/playready/<CLIENT>/<CONTENT_ID> -H 'API_KEY: <API_KEY>'

An example decrypted response would be:

{
    "key_id":"kX9efHkfIS++X+m8kZPDOw==",
    "key_id_guid":"7c5e7f91-1f79-2f21-be5f-e9bc9193c33b",
    "key_id_uuid":"917f5e7c791f-2f21-be5fe9bc9193c33b",
    "key_id_hex":"917F5E7C791F212FBE5FE9BC9193C33B",
    "content_key":"eI5JjujIo1Ek7lqO+3gg0A==",
    "content_key_hex":"788E498EE8C8A35124EE5A8EFB7820D0",
    "laurl":"http://vualto.playready-license.vudrm.tech/rightsmanager.asmx",
    "service_id":"gwICI8yfIUGf4R/5qOWuqg==",
    "service_id_guid":"23020283-9fcc-4121-9fe11ff9a8e5aeaa",
    "key_iv":"07261ee6ee074f1d",
    "checksum":"wf0goCGB2O4="
}

The values are:

key_id: Unique ID for the encryption. Base64 in Big Endian.
key_id_guid: Unique ID for the encryption. GUID in Big Endian.
key_id_uuid: Unique ID for the encryption. UUID in Little Endian.
key_id_hex: Unique ID for the encryption. Base16 in Little Endean. This one should be used with mp4split.
content_key: 128bit encryption key in base64.
content_key_hex: 128bit encryption key in base16. This one should be used with mp4split.
laurl: The PlayReady license server URL.
service_id: Unique VUDRM service ID for Vualto in Base64.
service_id_guid: Unique VUDRM service ID for Vualto as a GUID.
key_iv: Additional random value to strengthen the PlayReady encryption.
checksum: Extra security value required by some older PlayReady solutions.

Widevine¶

Widevine is Google’s DRM system. Use these keys to target Widevine enabled devices directly. The use of CENC keys is preferred.

Make the following request to retrieve widevine keys from the Key Provider API:

curl -X GET https://keyprovider.vudrm.tech/widevine/<CLIENT>/<CONTENT_ID> -H 'API_KEY: <API_KEY>'

An example decrypted response would be:

{
    "key_id":"NxB8uJFHVSuaO5BjiMzuEQ==",
    "key_id_hex":"37107CB89147552B9A3B906388CCEE11",
    "content_key":"Unyx1s3fMFUedA688fCNxw==",
    "content_key_hex":"527CB1D6CDDF30551E740EBCF1F08DC7",
    "laurl":"https://widevine-license.vudrm.tech/proxy",
    "drm_specific_data":"CAESEDcQfLiRR1UrmjuQY4jM7hEaBnZ1YWx0byIFdGVzdDEqAkhEMgA="
} 

The values are:

key_id: Unique ID for the encryption. Base64 in Little Endian.
key_id_hex: Unique ID for the encryption. Base16 in Little Endian. This one should be used with mp4split.
content_key: 128bit encryption key in base64.
content_key_hex: 128bit encryption key in base16. This one should be used with mp4split.
laurl: The Widevine license server URL.
drm_specific_data: The Widevine PSSH box.

Unified Streaming Integration¶

The encryption keys provided by the Key Provider API are compatible with Unified Streaming Platform’s mp4split product.

The recommended approach is to call the Key Provider API and retrieve CENC and Fairplay Keys. Once the encryption keys have been retrieved they can be used with mp4split to generate an ism:

mp4split --license-key=$LICENSE_KEY -o $ISM \
 --iss.key=${key_id_hex}:${content_key_hex} \
 --iss.key_iv=${playready_key_iv} \
 --iss.license_server_url=${playready_laurl} \
 --widevine.key=${key_id_hex}:${content_key_hex} \
 --widevine.license_server_url=${widevine_laurl} \
 --widevine.drm_specific_data=${widevine_drm_specific_data} \
 --hls.client_manifest_version=4 \
 --hls.key=:${key_hex} \
 --hls.key_iv=${iv_hex} \
 --hls.license_server_url=${laurl} \
 --hls.playout=sample_aes_streamingkeydelivery

The HLS values come from the Fairplay encryption keys, all other values are from the CENC keys.

Wowza Integration¶

The encryption keys provided by the Key Provider API are compatible with Wowza.

The following steps detail how to configure Wowza to support VUDRM:

Configure Wowza Stream Settings¶

Stop Wowza appending the session ID to the license server URL:
- how to control the streaming session id
Change the EXT-X-VERSION for HLS streaming to 5 by setting the cupertinoExtXVersion value:
- how to change the ext x version

Manually Set VUDRM Settings¶

This method of integrating VUDRM with Wowza uses key files:

NB: Widevine, PlayReady, and Fairplay key values can be set in the same file.

An example key file is:

mpegdashstreaming-cenc-key-id: MT8jItzhV+ay+3QEtoyIxQ==
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-content-key: EcZ9tM1adkoleC1hwFlpQw==
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-algorithm: AESCTR
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-widevine: true
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-widevine-system-id: edef8ba9-79d6-4ace-a3c8-27dcd51d21ed
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-widevine-pssh-data: Igp3b3d6YS1kZW1vSOPclZsG
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-playready: true
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-playready-system-id: 9a04f079-9840-4286-ab92-e65be0885f95
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-playready-license-url: https://playready-license.vudrm.tech/rightsmanager.asmx
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-playready-checksum: Mv5YB5EhHKw=
cupertinostreaming-aes128-method: SAMPLE-AES
cupertinostreaming-aes128-url: skd://fairplay-license.vudrm.tech/license/wowza-demo
cupertinostreaming-aes128-key: 24F79075974B8E1BC8AF576925B8458F
cupertinostreaming-aes128-iv: A140A11A450DBC04E67F39B850C13D41
cupertinostreaming-aes128-iv-include-in-chunklist: false
cupertinostreaming-aes128-key-format: com.apple.streamingkeydelivery
cupertinostreaming-aes128-key-format-version: 1

The values are:

mpegdashstreaming-cenc-key-id: The key_id_big value from the CENC response.
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-content-key: The content_key value from the CENC response.
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-algorithm: Must be set to AESCTR.
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-widevine: Must be set to true.
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-widevine-system-id: Must be set to edef8ba9-79d6-4ace-a3c8-27dcd51d21ed
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-widevine-pssh-data: The widevine_drm_specific_data value from the CENC Response.
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-playready: Must be set to true.
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-playready-system-id: Must be set to 9a04f079-9840-4286-ab92-e65be0885f95
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-playready-license-url: The playready_laurl value from the CENC Response.
mpegdashstreaming-cenc-keyserver-playready-checksum: The checksum value from the CENC Response
cupertinostreaming-aes128-method: Must be set to SAMPLE-AES.
cupertinostreaming-aes128-url: The laurl value from the Fairplay Response
cupertinostreaming-aes128-key: The key_hex value from the Fairplay Response
cupertinostreaming-aes128-iv: The iv_hex value from the Fairplay Response
cupertinostreaming-aes128-iv-include-in-chunklist: Must be set to false.
cupertinostreaming-aes128-key-format: Must be set to com.apple.streamingkeydelivery.
cupertinostreaming-aes128-key-format-version: Must be set to 1.